Body enhancement through female genital cosmetic surgery creates ethical and rights dilemmas.

MedStar author(s):
Citation: International Journal of Gynaecology & Obstetrics. 122(2):169-72, 2013 Aug.PMID: 23735570Institution: MedStar Washington Hospital CenterDepartment: Obstetrics and Gynecology/Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive SurgeryForm of publication: Journal ArticleMedline article type(s): Journal ArticleSubject headings: *Genitalia, Female/su [Surgery] | *Reconstructive Surgical Procedures/mt [Methods] | *Women's Rights | Decision Making | Ethics, Medical | Female | Genitalia, Female/ah [Anatomy & Histology] | Health Education | Humans | Reconstructive Surgical Procedures/es [Ethics] | World HealthISSN:
  • 0020-7292
Name of journal: International journal of gynaecology and obstetrics: the official organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and ObstetricsAbstract: Female genital cosmetic surgery is surgery performed on a woman within a normal range of variation of human anatomy. The issues are heightened by a lack of long-term and substantive evidence-based literature, conflict of interest from personal financial gain through performing these procedures, and confusion around macroethical and microethical domains. It is a source of conflict and controversy globally because the benefit and harm of offering these procedures raise concerns about harmful cultural views, education, and social vulnerability of women with regard to both ethics and human rights. The rights issues of who is defining normal female anatomy and function, as well as the economic vulnerability of women globally, bequeath the profession a greater responsibility to ensure that there is adequate health and general education-not just among patients but broadly in society-that there is neither limitation nor interference in the decision being made, and that there are no psychological disorders that could be influencing such choices. Copyright 2013 International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.All authors: Cain JM, Dickens B, Iglesia CB, Montgomery ODigital Object Identifier: Date added to catalog: 2014-04-03
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Journal Article MedStar Authors Catalog Article Available 23735570

Female genital cosmetic surgery is surgery performed on a woman within a normal range of variation of human anatomy. The issues are heightened by a lack of long-term and substantive evidence-based literature, conflict of interest from personal financial gain through performing these procedures, and confusion around macroethical and microethical domains. It is a source of conflict and controversy globally because the benefit and harm of offering these procedures raise concerns about harmful cultural views, education, and social vulnerability of women with regard to both ethics and human rights. The rights issues of who is defining normal female anatomy and function, as well as the economic vulnerability of women globally, bequeath the profession a greater responsibility to ensure that there is adequate health and general education-not just among patients but broadly in society-that there is neither limitation nor interference in the decision being made, and that there are no psychological disorders that could be influencing such choices. Copyright 2013 International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved.

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