TY - BOOK AU - Iglesia, Cheryl B TI - Body enhancement through female genital cosmetic surgery creates ethical and rights dilemmas SN - 0020-7292 KW - *Genitalia, Female/su [Surgery] KW - *Reconstructive Surgical Procedures/mt [Methods] KW - *Women's Rights KW - Decision Making KW - Ethics, Medical KW - Female KW - Genitalia, Female/ah [Anatomy & Histology] KW - Health Education KW - Humans KW - Reconstructive Surgical Procedures/es [Ethics] KW - World Health KW - MedStar Washington Hospital Center KW - Obstetrics and Gynecology/Female Pelvic Medicine and Reconstructive Surgery KW - Journal Article N2 - Female genital cosmetic surgery is surgery performed on a woman within a normal range of variation of human anatomy. The issues are heightened by a lack of long-term and substantive evidence-based literature, conflict of interest from personal financial gain through performing these procedures, and confusion around macroethical and microethical domains. It is a source of conflict and controversy globally because the benefit and harm of offering these procedures raise concerns about harmful cultural views, education, and social vulnerability of women with regard to both ethics and human rights. The rights issues of who is defining normal female anatomy and function, as well as the economic vulnerability of women globally, bequeath the profession a greater responsibility to ensure that there is adequate health and general education-not just among patients but broadly in society-that there is neither limitation nor interference in the decision being made, and that there are no psychological disorders that could be influencing such choices. Copyright 2013 International Federation of Gynecology and Obstetrics. Published by Elsevier Ireland Ltd. All rights reserved UR - http://dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.ijgo.2013.03.020 ER -